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2.1 ArrayList vs LinkedList Internals & Dynamic Resizing
Topic Summary
Analyze contiguous memory arrays, 50% growth reallocation, CPU cache lines, and why LinkedList is rarely optimal.
What You Will Learn
• Understand how `ArrayList` grows dynamically (1.5x formula: `newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1)`).
• Compare Big-O access times ($O(1)$ random access vs $O(N)$ sequential walk).
• Appreciate CPU cache locality advantages of contiguous arrays.
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